Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. Merchants with commercial ties to the South. The response to these conditions was the 1826 creation of the American Temperance Society in Boston, Massachusetts. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. For many slaves, the message was a promise of freedom, either in this world or in the afterlife. Learn . Antebellum reform was international in scope . - moral suasion through speeches and literature. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. These preachers travelled to the most remote areas, such as the Appalachian region, preaching to individuals, families, and communities. \end{array} A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. The reformist impulse also stemmed from new social conditions. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. The Seneca Falls Convention worked to establish____. This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. For some members of the movement, the idea meant the end of slavery; for others, it was an answer for racial tensions in the United States. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES - Reform communities where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a more perfect order within the larger society. Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.01%253A_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Second Great Awakening in the South and in Appalachia, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ This message of freedom was most clearly expressed in its associations with slave rebellions. Explain in your own words the significance of writing a bad check. Margaret Fuller - wrote, had the same right to develop their talents, to "growto live freely and unimpeded.". It is also during this time that higher education began to open to women. \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. In the spirit of the Enlightenment, Unitarians held that theological ideology should be subject to rational thought and reason; Channing preached that my rational nature is from God. Unitarians attested to the oneness of God. As strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed Jesus as a saintly man, but not divine. a. Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. The antebellum reform movements came soon after the market revolution. \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. Many southerners feared an uprising from within by the abolitionists. The ____________ refers to an area of New York that was so affected by the Second Great Awakening that there was no more fuel to burn for the fire of religion. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. "Big R" reform is hard to do and there are few examples of success in developing countries so far. Over the course of the next thirty years, Dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the United States and abroad. Dr. William Ellery Channing, one of the leading preachers and theologians of the Unitarian Church, preached on the great potential of humans. Further reproduction prohibited without . A key moment came in 1840, when the Anti-Slavery Society split after a woman, Abigail Kelley, was nominated to serve on one of the Societys committees. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ Social activists sought to end slavery and establish greater rights for women. \textbf{Property, Plant, and Equipment}\\ Give Me Liberty Ch. Chief among these physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania. However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. The colonizationist wanted antislavery but the want to segregation between white and blacks. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The Garrisionians wanted Douglass to simply get up and tell his story, to tell his narrative on the platform. Black lay-preachers, not ordained but appointed by the church or community to lead services and preach, became important speakers for and within free and enslaved communities. \textbf{Investments}\\ Even anti-slavery and abolitionist groups refused to grant full rights to black members. Alcohol in many forms had been an important part of the diet of Americans from the founding of the colonies onward. Reformers worked to create public institutions to deal with the social problems. Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. \quad\text{Hutchinson Company}& 75,000 &2,000,000\\ Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. Key figures in the abolitionist movement were William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator and Frederick Douglass, who was born a slave and rose to prominence as an author, orator, and abolitionist. The Grimk sisters were one example of the overlap in the reformist impulse between abolitionism and womens rights. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. The White Americans still wanted public white only area. The first and foremost of these goals was achieving the right to vote as an inalienable right of full, republican citizenship. But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. \quad\text{Total Shareholders Equity}& \$11,000,000 &\$ 7,800,000\\ Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. Mobs disrupted abolitionist meetings in northern cities. This is especially true of the Baptist church; independent black congregations were founded all over the South. Moreover, the rising numbers of immigrants in the northeast combined with near-universal white male suffrage convinced cities and states that education was essential to maintain a democracy. Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. ), { "13.01:_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. In the north, the movement reached its zenith in the Burned-Over District of Charles Finney. Give Me Liberty! ) The most prominent of these education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Massachusetts board of education, the first in the nation. TEMPERANCE. The creation of asylums, for criminals and for the mentally ill, was society's reaction to the overcrowded and inhumane state that . \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. There have been many movements over time that has led America to where we are today. The colonizationist scheme of the early 1800s proved to be popular among black abolitionists. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. Revivalist preachers traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible. REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. So they want to stay in the United States. According to many antebellum reformers, intemperance (drunkenness) stood as the most troubling problem in the United States, one that eroded morality, Christianity, and played a starring role in corrupting American democracy. \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ Finney also encouraged women to speak publicly in witness or testimony in these mixed-sex gatherings. This experience empowered many women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and express themselves as spiritual equals. Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. k. Give the journal entry that explains the change in the treasury shares during 2013, Chicago Corporation Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. Moreover, her reports on jails also aided in the efforts to reform prisons. The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, January 28, 1919 Download image resource Description The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1919, banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. Determined to make abolitionism a political movement, the seceders formed the Liberty Party, which nominated James G. Birney as its candidate for president. The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Afterward, the rebels would flee to the newly-freed nation of Haiti. Others worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums. Smith described Moroni as a son of the prophet Mormon and the last of the Nephites, descendants of Hebrews who had travelled to the Americas sometime around 500 BCE. What are the other consequences? \text{Rosenwald Company (50\\\% Owned)}& 1,025,000& 900,000\\ After Turners execution, lawyer Thomas Grey published The Confessions of Nat Turner, an account of his conversations with Turner before he was tried. The temperance movement and organizations had more than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the evils of demon rum. By the 1860s, their efforts had indeed slowed, but certainly did not stop, the average Americans consumption of alcohol. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. What were the major tactics of antebellum reform? In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. d. 12.0012.0012.00 This led to a women's movement that would run side by side with the abolition movement for equal rights among all people that live in the United States. The exhibits present a partial set of financial statements of Chicago Corporation for 2013, including a consolidated statement of income and retained earnings for 2013 and consolidated comparative balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2013. For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. "The Antebellum reforms was a new, more radical anti-slavery movement that emerged by the early 1830s. Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio became the first co-educational institution when it admitted four women in 1837. Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. 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